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GENERAL ORDINANCES 273
<br />CHAPTER XLI.
<br />BUILDING CODE.
<br />Sec. 494(l). DeSnition of terms.
<br />For the purpose of this section the following definitions,
<br />terms and their applications shall be used, unless otherwise ex-
<br />pressly stated:
<br />Alley.—Any right of way or easement used or laid out as a
<br />means of access to or egress from two or more properties,
<br />' whether the same be open or not.
<br />Areaway.—An open sub -surface space adjacent to a building
<br />for lighting purpose or ventilating of basements.
<br />Attic.—A space situated wholly or partially within the roof.
<br />An attic, when it is used for business purposes or living quarters
<br />shall be considered a story.
<br />Basement.—The lower part of a building, the floor of which
<br />is below the grade of the lot or street.
<br />' Sub-Basement.—That portion of a building next below the
<br />basement.
<br />Bay Window.—A projection beyond the wall of a building,
<br />pierced by one or more window openings, the entire weight of
<br />which is carried by the wall.
<br />Beam.—A piece of timber, iron, concrete, stone, or other ma-
<br />terial placed horizontally, or nearly so, to support a load over a
<br />space below.
<br />Building.—For purposes relative to this section all buildings
<br />herein referred to shall be within either of the following classes
<br />to -wit:
<br />(1) Building.
<br />(2) Altered Building.
<br />Building.—Any structure affording shelter, whether erected,
<br />constructed, renovated, or remodeled.
<br />Altered Building.—Any building (other than as above de-
<br />fined) changed either in use or occupancy, or by physical varia-
<br />tion in construction, or otherwise, not to exceed twenty-five per
<br />centum (25%) of the assessed valuation of said building.
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<br />274 CHARLOTTESVILLE CITY CODE
<br />Church.—A building or structure used for divine worship or
<br />religious instruction, including all social rooms connected there-
<br />with.
<br />Columns.—Isolated vertical supports other than piers.
<br />Concrete.—A combination of water, cement, sand and stone,
<br />or other coarse aggregate, forming a solid mass.
<br />Courts.—An open and uncovered space, other than a yard on
<br />the same lot with a dwelling. A court not extending to the street
<br />or the f ront or rear yards is an inner court. A court extending
<br />to the street or front or rear yards is an outer court.
<br />Curb Line.—The face or exposed side of the curb actually
<br />constructed, or the line designated as such by the City.
<br />Dwelling.—(a) Any house or building, or portion thereof,
<br />which is used in part or in whole as a home, residence, or sleep-
<br />ing place for one or more human beings, either permanently or
<br />transiently.
<br />(b) Private dwelling is any building which shall be intended,
<br />designed, or used as the home or residence of not more than
<br />three separate and distinct families or households, and in which
<br />not more than five rooms shall be used for the accommodation
<br />of boarders, and no part of which is used for commercial pur-
<br />poses.
<br />Depth of a Building.—Same as the length.
<br />Elevator.—A platform or cab, mechanically operated, in a ver-
<br />tical shaft for the conveyance of passengers or goods.
<br />Factor of Safety. — The quotient obtained by dividing the
<br />breaking load or ultimate strength by the safe load.
<br />Factory.—Any building in which goods, wares, merchandise,
<br />or other materials are manufactured.
<br />Fireproof.—The definition as contained in the latest regula-
<br />tions of the National Board of Fire Underwriters.
<br />Fire Doors and Metal Clad Doors.—The above terms shall
<br />mean only doors, windows, and shutters as defined in the latest
<br />regulations of the National Board of Fire Underwriters.
<br />Fireproof Buildings.—The term fireproof buildings shall ap-
<br />ply to all buildings in which the principal parts are made of in-
<br />combustible materials, these principal parts consisting mainly in
<br />walls, floor construction, roof construction, furring, ceiling, stairs
<br />and all shaft enclosures. The finish of the floors, the windows,
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<br />GENERAL ORDINANCES 275
<br />and frames and doors, frame and trim may be of wood or other
<br />materials when not in violation of the provisions of this chapter.
<br />First Story.—That portion of a building the floor of which is
<br />immediately above the basement.
<br />Floor.—The structure or portion thereof, forming the upper
<br />covering of a basement or story and the lower covering of an}
<br />other storv.
<br />Footings.—The spread bottom bearing course or courses of a
<br />foundation, pier, or column.
<br />Foundation.—That portion of the supporting walls, piers, etc.,
<br />below the beams of the first story, including the footings. Any
<br />wall or pier built below the adjacent curb line or nearest tier of
<br />beams.
<br />Frame Construction.—A building or structure of which the
<br />exterior walls or portions thereof shall be constructed of wood.
<br />Buildings sheathed with boards and partially or entirely covered
<br />with four inches of brick or stone work, shall be termed frame
<br />buildings. Wood frames covered with metal, whether the frames
<br />are sheathed or not with boards, shall be deemed frame buildings.
<br />Grade.—The surface of the ground, lawn, court, or sidewalk
<br />adjoining a building.
<br />(a) Established Grade. The grade of the street curb fixed
<br />by the City.
<br />(b) Natural Grade. The undisturbed natural surface of the
<br />ground.
<br />(c) Finished Grade. The grade of the exposed surface of
<br />the ground when the proposed structure is completed.
<br />Garage.—A building in which is housed for any purpose, self-
<br />propelled vehicles designed for the use of inflammable liquids
<br />for fuel or power, where tanks for such liquids are attached to
<br />the machine, whether or not such tanks contain any inflammable
<br />liquids.
<br />Girders.—A structural piece of material placed horizontally or
<br />nearly so, which supports the ends of beams or joists or large
<br />floor slabs.
<br />Hotel.—Every building or part thereof, intended, designed or
<br />used for supplying food and shelter to transients, residents or
<br />guests, and containing more than fifteen (15) sleeping rooms.
<br />Incombustible Material.—A substance which will not burn and
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<br />which when heated to a point of disintegration will not support
<br />combustion.
<br />Lintel.—The beam or girder placed over a door or window
<br />opening.
<br />Load.—(a) The Dead Load. The actual weight of walls,
<br />floors, roofs, partitions, and all other permanent construction.
<br />(b) The Live Load. All imposed, fixed, or transient loads,
<br />other than the dead loads, due to the use or occupancy of build-
<br />ings and their exposure to the wind pressure, and the elements.
<br />Lodging Houses.—Any house or building or portion thereof,
<br />in which persons are harbored or lodged, for hire a single night
<br />or less than a week at a time at any one period, or any part of
<br />which is let for any one person to sleep in, for any term less than
<br />a week.
<br />Lot Line.—The line of demarcation between the properties of
<br />different owners.
<br />Length of Buildings.—The greatest horizontal dimension of
<br />any building shall be its length.
<br />Mortars. —a. Portland Cement Mortar. Portland cement mor-
<br />tar shall be made of Portland cement mixed with sand, propor-
<br />tioned as follows: One part Portland cement to not more than
<br />three parts sand by volume to which lime putty may be added in
<br />amount not exceeding 159o' by volume.
<br />b. Lime Mortar. Lime mortar shall be made of one part lime
<br />and not more than three parts sand to which shall be added not
<br />less than 25% of Portland cement by volume.
<br />c. Masonry Cement Mortar. Masonary cement mortar shall
<br />be made in accordance with the specifications as recommended
<br />by the cement manufacturer, but in no case shall be less than the
<br />proportion of one part masonary cement to three parts sand by
<br />volume.
<br />When masonry cement is used it must be approved by the
<br />Building Inspector.
<br />All mortars shall be mixed in accordance with the best prac-
<br />tice and shall be used immediately after being mixed.
<br />Masonry.—Built-up brick work, stone tile, or other similar
<br />construction.
<br />Office Building.—Every building which shall be divided into
<br />rooms, designed or used for office purposes, and no part of which
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