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<br />G4NERAL ORDINANCES 293
<br />means of ingress or egress; except as an additional means of
<br />,egress during a conflagration, flood, panic or other disaster; shall
<br />be wholly and entirely inclosed within the walls of the building.
<br />This does -not apply to entrances on the rear of buildings.
<br />Sec. 494(28). Fire stops.
<br />At each floor level in all buildings hereafter erected, all stud
<br />walls, partitions, furring and spaces between joists where they
<br />rest on division walls or partitions, shall be fire -stopped with in-
<br />combustible material in a manner to completely cut off communi-
<br />cation by fire through concealed spaces. Such fire -stopping shall
<br />extend the full depth of the joists, and at least four (4) inches
<br />above each floor level. Stair carriages shall be fire -stopped at
<br />least once in the middle partition of each run.
<br />Sec. 494(29). Areaways.
<br />Areaways constructed under any street or alley shall not ex-
<br />tend into the same more than 50 per cent of the width of the
<br />adjacent sidewalk, and in no case shall they extend a distance
<br />greater than three feet beyond the lot line. Areaways must be
<br />covered with transparent sidewalk lights or metal gratings ca-
<br />pable of sustaining a live load of not less than 200 pounds per
<br />square foot, the open spaces between the bars or other members
<br />shall not exceed 5/8 of an inch in width. In no case shall area-
<br />ways be constructed as a means of ingress or egress from the
<br />building, nor for the transmittal of goods or other articles to or
<br />from the building, but shall be used only for the admission of
<br />light and air.
<br />No permit for the construction of areaways shall be allowed
<br />until a written agreement, as prescribed by the council, between
<br />the City and the owner of the property has been executed. This
<br />agreement shall stipulate that the present owner, and any future
<br />owner, of the property shall construct and maintain the area-
<br />way in a safe and proper condition, and that said owners shall
<br />be liable for all damages and injuries caused by the construc-
<br />tion, maintenance or use of said areaways, and shall indemnify
<br />and save harmless the City from all such damages and injuries.
<br />It shall further stipulate that the areaways may be removed or
<br />altered by the City at any time upon ten days' written notice to
<br />294 CHARLOTTESVILLE CITY CODE
<br />the owner. Said agreement shall be recorded in the Clerk's Of-
<br />fice of the Corporation Court of this City at the expense of the
<br />owner.
<br />Sec. 494(30). Dwelling houses—prohibited location.
<br />No dwelling house or sleeping quarters shall be placed over,
<br />or be connected directly with a stable, barn, haymow, public
<br />garage, dry cleaning establishment, planing mill, carpenter shop,
<br />paint shop or filling station.
<br />Sec. 494(31). Frame buildings—construction.
<br />(a) No frame building hereafter erected or altered shall ex-
<br />ceed two stories in height, except that private dwellings may
<br />be three stories high.
<br />(b) No frame building hereafter erected for any occupancy
<br />other than grain elevators, coal elevators and pockets, ice houses,
<br />exhibition buildings, and structures for temporary occupancy for
<br />a specified period and then subject to special permission shall
<br />cover a ground area exceeding the following:
<br />One story building -7,500 sq. ft.
<br />Two story building -5,000 sq. ft.
<br />(c) In no case shall the extreme projection of a frame build-
<br />ing be erected within 5 feet of the side or rear lot line, nor with-
<br />in 10 feet of another building on the same lot, unless the space
<br />between the studs on such side be filled solidly with not less
<br />than 2/ inches of brick work or other equivalent incombustible
<br />material, in which case said distances may be reduced to 3 feet.
<br />(d) Rows of frame tenement houses are prohibited. Duplex or
<br />double frame houses shall be permitted. In rows of tenements
<br />constructed of brick or other similar material there shall be a
<br />twelve inch fire wall between each two units.
<br />(e) Buildings with wooden framework clad with sheet metal,
<br />or veneered with brick, shall be classed as frame buildings.
<br />(f) The maximum spacing for studding and joists shall be
<br />sixteen inches on centers, that for rafters twenty-four inches.
<br />Studding in external walls and all partitions of dwellings shall
<br />be not less than standard two by fours (2 x 4) standing with
<br />studs set the four inch way for thickness of walls. The ex-
<br />terior of the framework of all dwellaugs shall be sheathed with
<br />GENERAL ORDINANCES 295
<br />sheathing not less than three-fourths (Y4) inches thick. In case
<br />of built-up beams or girders, the splicing of members shall be
<br />made over supports. In case of house to be weatherboarded
<br />sheathing may be omitted if framework is sufficiently braced
<br />against wind pressure.
<br />Where the frame is properly cross -braced, sheathing may be
<br />eliminated and wood laths embedded in asphaltic binder directly
<br />connected to heavy felt roofing material may be applied directly
<br />to the studding when stuccoed according to provisions elsewhere
<br />outlined in this section. Such lathing material shall meet the ap-
<br />proval of the Building Inspector. Where wire or metal laths
<br />are used on sheathing board there must be a furring strip %"
<br />thick placed not more than 16 inches on centers.
<br />(g) All floors of wood construction in dwellings shall be con-
<br />structed of not less than two by eight (2 x 8) standard wood
<br />joists. All joists and studding around openings such as doors
<br />and windows shall be doubled. Openings more than four feet
<br />wide in bearing partitions shall be trussed or framed over with
<br />beams of ample size to carry the full load above. All headers
<br />over four (4) feet in length that butt into trimmers shall be car-
<br />ried on metal joist hangers or mortized and tenoned headers and
<br />trimmers. There shall be at least one horizontal row of two by
<br />four (2 x 4) pieces in each story to provide a fire stop closing off
<br />the entire space between studding.
<br />(h) The following schedule of joist sizes and spacings shall
<br />be followed as a minimum for dwellings and tenements, assuming
<br />a total load dead and live for 60 lbs. to a sq. ft. using seasoned
<br />short leaf yellow pine lumber.
<br />Maximum Span for Floor Joist
<br />296 CHARLOTTESVILLE CITY CODE
<br />Distance between
<br />Size or Equivalent Distance on Centers Bearing's
<br />2" x 12" 12" 20' 0"
<br />16" 18' 0"
<br />3" x 12" 12" 23' 0"
<br />16" 21' 0"
<br />2" x 14" 12" 23' 8"
<br />16" 21' 6"
<br />2/" x 14" 12" 25' 6"
<br />16" 23' 0"
<br />3" x 14" 12" 27' 0"
<br />16" 24' 6"
<br />Note: The construction of floors in all other buildings shall be
<br />designed to carry the live loads as given in the following sub-
<br />section:
<br />I. Minimum live loads required.
<br />In all buildings hereafter erected, altered or repaired (where
<br />such alterations or repair, in the judgment of the building shall
<br />require new floor construction), all floor construction shall be
<br />constructed in accordance with the following table of minimum
<br />live load requirements:
<br />Hotels (upper floors), apartment houses, dormitories,
<br />hospitals ...................................... 60 lbs.
<br />Schools ........................................... 75 lbs.
<br />Office buildings (ground floor), corridors, stairs and lob-
<br />bies in all buildings of public nature .............. 90 Ibs.
<br />Assembly rooms, main floors of theatres, ball rooms,
<br />gymnasiums, or any rooms to be used for drilling,
<br />dancing, grandstands, ordinary stores for light
<br />stock .........................................120 lbs.
<br />Warehouses and light manufacturing .......... 150 to 300 lbs.
<br />Special provision shall be made for heavy concentrated loads.
<br />An addition of 509o' shall be made for floors carrying, moving or
<br />travelling machinery.
<br />Seo. 494(32). Light and ventilation.
<br />(a) In all buildings every sleeping room shall be provided with
<br />a window or windows opening directly upon a street, yard, or
<br />court, which windows or openings shall equal in area to at least
<br />one-tenth of the floor area of the room.
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<br />Distance between
<br />Size or Equivalent
<br />Distance on Centers
<br />Bearings
<br />2" x 8"
<br />12"
<br />14' 0"
<br />16"
<br />1�' 8-
<br />3" x 8"
<br />12"
<br />16' Cr
<br />16"
<br />14' 6"
<br />2" x 10"
<br />12"
<br />17' 6"
<br />16"
<br />15' 9"
<br />3" x 10"
<br />12"
<br />19' 3"
<br />16"
<br />17' 6"
<br />296 CHARLOTTESVILLE CITY CODE
<br />Distance between
<br />Size or Equivalent Distance on Centers Bearing's
<br />2" x 12" 12" 20' 0"
<br />16" 18' 0"
<br />3" x 12" 12" 23' 0"
<br />16" 21' 0"
<br />2" x 14" 12" 23' 8"
<br />16" 21' 6"
<br />2/" x 14" 12" 25' 6"
<br />16" 23' 0"
<br />3" x 14" 12" 27' 0"
<br />16" 24' 6"
<br />Note: The construction of floors in all other buildings shall be
<br />designed to carry the live loads as given in the following sub-
<br />section:
<br />I. Minimum live loads required.
<br />In all buildings hereafter erected, altered or repaired (where
<br />such alterations or repair, in the judgment of the building shall
<br />require new floor construction), all floor construction shall be
<br />constructed in accordance with the following table of minimum
<br />live load requirements:
<br />Hotels (upper floors), apartment houses, dormitories,
<br />hospitals ...................................... 60 lbs.
<br />Schools ........................................... 75 lbs.
<br />Office buildings (ground floor), corridors, stairs and lob-
<br />bies in all buildings of public nature .............. 90 Ibs.
<br />Assembly rooms, main floors of theatres, ball rooms,
<br />gymnasiums, or any rooms to be used for drilling,
<br />dancing, grandstands, ordinary stores for light
<br />stock .........................................120 lbs.
<br />Warehouses and light manufacturing .......... 150 to 300 lbs.
<br />Special provision shall be made for heavy concentrated loads.
<br />An addition of 509o' shall be made for floors carrying, moving or
<br />travelling machinery.
<br />Seo. 494(32). Light and ventilation.
<br />(a) In all buildings every sleeping room shall be provided with
<br />a window or windows opening directly upon a street, yard, or
<br />court, which windows or openings shall equal in area to at least
<br />one-tenth of the floor area of the room.
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