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MME141
<br />C. 7, § 24 BUILDING CODE C. 7, § 24
<br />Panel walls in skeleton construction must be of masonry laid in
<br />cement mortar or masonry cement if approved and shall be at
<br />least eight inches thick where the vertical distance between girders
<br />does not exceed ten feet and shall be increased four inches for each
<br />ten feet or fraction thereof that the said vertical distance exceeds
<br />ten feet.
<br />Curtain walls must be of masonry laid in cement mortar or
<br />masonry cement mortar if approved and shall be not less than
<br />twelve inches thick, increased four inches for every additional sec-
<br />tion of three stories or forty-five feet. They shall be anchored to
<br />the framing at each floor level, anchors spaced not more than six
<br />feet apart horizontally.
<br />In all buildings except dwellings, frame buildings and skeleton
<br />construction, party walls and fire walls which serve as bearing
<br />walls on both sides shall be not less than sixteen inches thick in
<br />the upper two stories or upper thirty feet, increasing four inches
<br />in thickness for each two stories or fraction thereof below. All
<br />other fire walls shall be not less than twelve inches thick in the
<br />upper four stories for upper fifty feet, increasing four inches in
<br />thickness for each two stories or fraction thereof below. Portland
<br />cement mortar or approved masonry cement mortar only shall be
<br />used in such walls.
<br />Reinforced stone or gravel concrete walls, with the steel rein-
<br />forcement running both horizontally and vertically and weighing
<br />not less than one-half pound per square foot of wall, may have a
<br />thickness four inches less than that prescribed for brick walls.
<br />Walls built of rubble stone shall be increased one-third inch in
<br />thickness over that required for brick walls under similar circum-
<br />stances.
<br />Parapets shall be provided on all fire walls, party walls and ex-
<br />terior walls of masonry or reinforced concrete, where such walls
<br />connect with roofs other than roofs of fireproof construction; pro-
<br />vided, that a parapet shall not be required for a wall facing on a
<br />street having a width of fifty feet or more, which are finished with
<br />incombustible cornices, gutters or crown mouldings, nor on a wall
<br />of a building the roof of which is ten feet lower than the roof of
<br />a 'building adjoining or adjacent to such wall, nor on the walls of a
<br />detached dwelling, nor on the walls of a building which is fifty feet
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<br />C. 7, § 28 BUILDING CODE C. 7, § 29
<br />than two inches for this purpose. The ends of the wooden beams
<br />which enter walls shall be cut to a bevel to make them self -releas-
<br />ing. (Id., § 494(19).)
<br />Sec. 28. Protection of wall openings.
<br />If an opening be in a party or fire wall it shall have a standard
<br />automatic fire door on each side of the wall. If an opening in a
<br />fire wall is made to serve as an emergency exit, it shall not exceed
<br />forty-eight square feet in area, and a self-closing door shall be sub-
<br />stituted for one of the automatic fire doors.
<br />Every building within the congested fire limits except dwellings
<br />shall have standard fire doors and standard fire windows on every
<br />exterior opening except when fronting on a street not less than
<br />thirty feet wide or where no other building is or can be built with-
<br />in thirty feet of such opening and excepting show windows.
<br />Where glass is used for such openings, same shall be wired glass
<br />and in accordance with the requirements of the National Board
<br />of Fire Underwriters.
<br />Occupants of buildings shall close all exterior and interior fire
<br />doors, fire shutters and fire windows at the close of business each
<br />day. (Id., § 494(20).)
<br />Sec. 29. Stairway and elevator shafts.
<br />In the buildings hereafter erected, except private dwellings,
<br />which are used above the first floor for business purposes or for
<br />public assemblage, or for any purpose whatever if over two stories
<br />high, the stair shafts shall be separately and continuously enclosed
<br />by incombustible partitions. Elevator shafts in all buildings here-
<br />after erected shall be enclosed in the same manner. The partitions
<br />shall be constructed of brick or other fire -resistive material ap-
<br />proved by the city manager or other designated official, and all
<br />mortar used in the construction shall be Portland cement mortar.
<br />No hollow partition shall be less than six inches thick, no brick
<br />partition less than eight inches thick. The stairways and landings
<br />shall be constructed entirely of fireproof. material.
<br />All openings in elevator, stair or other shaft enclosures shall be
<br />protected by self-closing fire doors, fire windows, fire shutters or
<br />other approved self-closing fireproof equipment.
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<br />C. 7, § 25 CHARLOTTESVILLE CITY CODE C. 7, § 27
<br />or more distant in all directions from other buildings. A parapet
<br />wall when required shall extend the full thickness of the top story
<br />to at least three feet above the roof at all points and shall in all
<br />cases be properly capped.
<br />Hollow building blocks may be used for masonry walls except-
<br />ing party and fire walls and shall be of sufficient strength to safely
<br />carry the loads imposed upon them. The specification and method
<br />of computing this strength of hollow building blocks shall be in
<br />accordance with the requirements established by the National
<br />Board of Fire Underwriters.
<br />All walls and partitions in schools, hospitals and places of public
<br />assemblage, over one story high, and all walls and partitions in
<br />theatres, shall hereafter be built of brick, stone, hollow or solid
<br />blocks, or metal lath and Portland cement plaster on metal stud-
<br />ding, or other equivalent incombustible construction. (Id., §
<br />494(16) ; Ord. May 20, 1935.)
<br />Sec. 25. Concrete construction.
<br />Concrete for reinforced concrete construction shall consist of a
<br />wet mixture of one part of Portland cement to not more than six
<br />parts of aggregate, fine and coarse, in such proportions as to pro-
<br />duce the greatest density.
<br />The quality of the materials, the design and the construction
<br />shall be in accordance with the best engineering practice. (Id.,
<br />§ 494(17).)
<br />Sec. 26. Steel construction.
<br />Where structural steel is used in construction it shall be in ac-
<br />cordance with the latest regulations of the American Institute of
<br />Steel Construction. (Id., § 494(18).)
<br />Sec. 27. Protection of ends of wooden beams.
<br />The ends of all floor, ceiling or roof beams, entering a party
<br />or fire wall from opposite sides, shall be separated by at least six
<br />inches of solid masonry. Such separation may be obtained by
<br />corbeling the wall, or staggering the beams, or the beams may be
<br />supported by steel wall hangers, but no wall shall be corbeled more
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<br />C. 7, § 30 CHARLOTTESVILLE CITY CODE C. 7, § 31
<br />Doors opening into stairway shafts shall swing in the direction
<br />of exit travel, shall be self-closing and shall be at least thirty-six
<br />inches wide.
<br />The enclosure walls for all elevator shafts shall extend at least
<br />three feet above the roof, and there shall be a sufficient opening in
<br />the shaft above the roof line to provide for the release of smoke
<br />or gases. (Id., § 494(21).)
<br />Sec. 30. Skylights, windows, etc., over stairway and
<br />elevator shafts.
<br />Where a stairway, elevator or dumb -waiter shaft extends
<br />through the roof, if covered by a skylight, the skylight shall be
<br />constructed with incombustible frame and sash, glazed with or-
<br />dinary thin glass, and shall be protected by a galvanized steel wire
<br />screen with a mesh not exceeding one inch, and the wire not
<br />smaller than No. 12 gauge. The screen shall have metal supports
<br />and be placed not less than six inches above the skylight. Instead
<br />of a skylight, windows or doors with a total glass opening of the
<br />size and construction as required of skylights, may be placed in the
<br />side of the shaft above the roof which is farthest removed from a
<br />property line. The window shall have incombustible frame and
<br />sash, and be glazed with thin glass. (Id., § 494(22).)
<br />Sec. 31. Fire escapes.
<br />It shall be the duty of the owner of every factory, workshop,
<br />mill, saw -mill, place where the manufacture of goods of any kind
<br />is carried on, hotel, school building, college, hospital, orphan
<br />asylum, mercantile establishment and office building of over three
<br />stories in height, or where as many as fifteen persons are em-
<br />ployed, lodged, entertained or instructed above the second story of
<br />such building, and theaters and public places of amusement, re-
<br />gardless of height, to provide for the safe exit of the occupants
<br />thereof in case of fire by the erection, construction and mainte-
<br />nance in good condition of fire escapes of the most improved
<br />modern design and of fireproof construction.
<br />The owner of any building upon which a fire escape is erected
<br />shall keep the same in good repair and properly painted.
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