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Whenever the average bacterial count, the average reduction time, or the average
<br /> cooling temperature falls beyond the limit for the grade then held, the health officer
<br /> shall send written notice thereof to the person concerned, and shall take an additional
<br /> sample, but not before the lapse of 3 days, for determining a new average in accordance
<br /> with section 1 (S). Violation of the grade requirement by the new average or by any
<br /> subsequent average during the remainder of the current grading period shall call for
<br /> immediate degrading or suspension of the permit, unless the last individual result is
<br /> within the grade limit.
<br />
<br />
<br />Section 7. The grading of milk and milk products - At least once every 6 months
<br /> the health officer shall announce the grades of all milk and milk products delivered
<br /> by all producers or distributors and ultimately consumed within the City of Charlottes-
<br /> ville, or its police jurisdiction. Said grades shall be based upon the following standards,
<br /> the grading of milk products being identical with the grading of milk except that the
<br /> bacterial standards shall be doubled in the case of cream, and omitted in the case of
<br /> sour cream and buttermilk. Vitamin D milk shall be only of grade A pasteurized, certified,
<br /> or grade A raw quality.
<br />
<br />Certified milk - raw - Certified milk-raw is raw milk which conforms with the re-
<br /> quirements of the American Association of Medical Milk Commissions in force at the time
<br /> of production and is produced under the supervision of a medical milk commission and of
<br /> the State Department of health or of the city health officer of Charlottesville.
<br />
<br />Grade A raw milk - Grade A raw milk is raw milk the average bacterial plate count
<br /> of which as determined under sections 1 (S) and 6 of this chapter does not exceed 50,000
<br /> per cubic centimeter, or the average direct microscopic count of which does not exceed
<br /> 500,000 per cubic centimeter if clumps are counted or 200,000 per cubic centimeter if
<br /> individual organisms are counted, or the average reduction time of which is not less than
<br /> 8 hours: Provided, That if it is to be pasteurized the corresponding limits shall be
<br /> 100,000 per cubic centimeter, 400,000 per cubic centimeter, and 7 hours, respectively;
<br /> and which is produced upon dairy farms conforming with all of the following items of
<br /> sanitation.
<br />
<br />Item 1r. Cows, tuberculosis and other diseases - A tuberculin test of all herds
<br /> and additions thereto shall be made before any milk therefrom is sold, and at least once
<br /> every 36 months thereafter, by a licensed veterinarian approved by the State livestock
<br /> sanitary authority. Said tests shall be made and reactors disposed of in accordance with
<br /> the requirements approved by the State Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Animal Industry,
<br /> for accredited herds. A certificate signed by the veterinarian or attested to by the health
<br /> officer and filed with the health officer shall be evidence of the above test.
<br />
<br />Within 6 months after the adoption of this ordinance all milk and milk products
<br /> consumed raw shall be from herds or additions thereto which have been found free from
<br /> Bang's disease, as shown by blood serum tests for agglutinins against Brucella abortus
<br /> made in a laboratory approved by the health officer. All such herds shall be retested
<br /> at least every 12 months and all reactors removed from the herd. A certificate identify-
<br /> ing each animal by number and signed by the laboratory making the test, shall be evidence
<br /> of the above test.
<br />
<br />Cows which show an extensive or entire induration of one or more quarters of the
<br /> udder upon physical examination, whether secreting abnormal milk or not, shall be permanent-
<br /> ly excluded from the milking herd. Cows giving bloody, stringy, or otherwise abnormal
<br /> milk, but with only slight induration of the udder, shall be excluded from the herd until
<br /> re-examination shows that the milk has become normal.
<br />
<br />For other diseases such tests and examinations as the health officer may require
<br /> shall be made at intervals and by methods prescribed by him, and any diseased animal
<br /> shall be disposed of as he may require.
<br />
<br />Item 2r. Dairy barn, lighting - A dairy or milking barn shall be required and in
<br /> such sections thereof where cows are milked windows shall be provided and kept clean and
<br /> so arranged as to insure adequate light properly distributed, and when necessary shall
<br /> be provided with adequate supplementary artificial light.
<br />
<br />Item 3r. Dairy barn, air space and ventilation - Such sections of all dairy
<br /> barns where cows are kept or milked shall be well ventilated and shall be so arranged as
<br /> to avoid overcrowding.
<br />
<br />Item 4r. Dairy barn, floors - The floors and gutters of such parts of all dairy
<br /> barns in which cows are milked shall be constructed of concrete or other approved impervious
<br /> and easily cleaned material, shall be graded to drain properly, and shall be kept clean and
<br /> in good repair. No horses, pigs, fowl, calves, etc. shall be permitted in parts of the
<br /> barn used for milking.
<br />
<br />Item 5r. Dairy barn, walls and ceilings - The walls and ceilings of all dairy barns
<br /> shall be whitewashed once each year or painted once every 2 years, or oftener, if necessary,
<br /> or finished in an approved manner, and shall be kept clean and in good repair. In case
<br /> there is a second story above that part of the barn in which cows are milked, the ceiling
<br /> shall be tight. If the feed room adjoins the milking space, it shall be separated there-
<br /> from by a dust-tight partition and door. No feed shall be stored in the milking portion
<br /> of the barn.
<br />
<br />Item 6r. Dairy barn, cowyard - All cowyards shall be graded and drained as well as
<br /> practicable and kept clean.
<br />
<br />Item 7r. Manure disposal - All manure shall be removed and stored or disposed of in
<br /> such manner as best to prevent the breeding of flies therein or the access of cows to
<br /> piles thereof.
<br />
<br />Item 8r. Milk house or room construction - There shall be provided a milk house or
<br /> milk room in which the cooling, handling, and storing of milk and milk products and the
<br /> washing, bactericidal treatment, and storing of milk containers and utensils shall be done.
<br /> (a) The milk house or room shall be provided with a tight floor constructed of concrete or
<br /> other impervious material, in good repair, and graded to provide proper drainage. (b) It
<br /> shall have walls and ceilings of such construction as to permit easy cleaning, and shall be
<br /> well painted or finished in an approved manner. (c) It shall be well lighted and ventilated.
<br /> (d) It shall have all openings effectively screened including outward-opening, self-closing
<br /> doors, unless other effective means are provided to prevent the entrance of flies. (e) It
<br /> shall be used for no other purposes than those specified above except as may be approved by
<br /> the health officer; shall not open directly into a stable or into any room used for domestic
<br /> purposes; shall have water piped into it; shall be provided with adequate facilities for
<br /> the heating of water for the cleaning of utensils; shall be equipped with two-compartment
<br /> stationary wash and rinse vats, except that in the case of retail raw milk, if chlorine is
<br /> employed as the principal bactericidal treatment, the three-compartment type must be used;
<br /> and shall be partitioned to separate the handling of milk and the storage of cleansed
<br /> utensils from the cleaning and other operations, which shall be so located and conducted
<br /> as to prevent any contamination of the milk or of cleaned equipment.
<br />
<br />Item 9r. Milk house or room, cleanliness and flies - The floors, walls, ceilings,
<br /> and equipment of the milk house or room shall be kept clean at all times. All means
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