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<br />are washed, shall be constructed of concrete or other equally im-
<br />pervious and easily -cleaned material, and shall be smooth, prop-
<br />erly drained, provided with trapped drains, and kept clean and
<br />in good repair.
<br />Item 2p. WALLS AND CEILINGS.—Walls and ceilings of
<br />rooms in which milk or milk products are handled or stored, or in
<br />which milk utensils are washed, shall have a smooth, washable,
<br />light -'-;colored surface, and shall be kept clean and in good repair.
<br />Item 3p. DOORS AND WINDOWS.—Unless other effective
<br />means are provided to prevent the access of flies, all openings to
<br />the outer air shall be effectively screened, and all doors shall be
<br />self-closing.
<br />Item 4p. LIGHTING AND VENTILATION.—All rooms
<br />shall be well lighted and well ventilated.
<br />Item 5p. MISCELLANEOUS PROTECTION FROM CON-
<br />TAMINATION.—The various milk -plant operations shall be
<br />located and conducted so as to prevent any contamination of the
<br />milk, or of cleaned equipment. All necessary means shall be used
<br />for the elimination of flies, other insects, and rodents. There
<br />shall be separate rooms for (a) the pasteurizing, processing,
<br />cooling, and bottling operations, and (b) the washing and
<br />bactericidal treatment of containers. Cans of raw milk shall not
<br />be unloaded directly into the pasteurizing room. Rooms in
<br />which milk, milk products, cleaned utensils, or containers are
<br />handled and stored shall not open directly into any stable or
<br />living quarters. The pasteurization plant, milk containers,
<br />utensils, and equipment shall be used for no purposes other than
<br />the processing of milk and milk products and the operations in-
<br />cident thereto, except as may be approved by the health officer.
<br />Item 6p. TOILET FACILITIES.—Every milk plant shall be
<br />provided with toilet facilities conforming with the ordinances of
<br />the municipality of Charlottesville, Virginia. Toilet rooms shall
<br />not open directly into any room in which milk, milk products,
<br />equipment, or containers are handled or stored. The doors of
<br />all toilet rooms shall be self-closing. Toilet rooms shall be kept
<br />in a clean condition, in good repair, and well ventilated. A
<br />sign directing employees to wash their hands before returning
<br />to work, shall be posted in all toilet rooms used by employees.
<br />Where privies or earth closets are permitted and used they shall
<br />be separate from the building, and shall be of sanitary type,
<br />located, constructed, and operated in conformity with the re-
<br />quirements of Item 10r.
<br />Item 7p. WATER SUPPLY.—The water supply shall be
<br />easily accessible, adequate, and of a safe, sanitary quality.
<br />Item 8p. HAND -WASHING FACILITIES.—Convenient
<br />hand -washing facilities shall be provided, including hot and cold
<br />15
<br />grade of milk or milk products has been in contact, unless the
<br />equipment has first been thoroughly cleaned and effectively
<br />subjected to an approved bactericidal process.
<br />Item 15p. STORAGE OF CAPS, PARCHMENT PAPER,
<br />AND SINGLE -SERVICE CONTAINERS.—Milk-bottle caps or
<br />cap stock, parchment paper for milk cans, single -service con-
<br />tainers, and gaskets shall be purchased and stored only in sani-
<br />tary tubes, wrappings, or cartons; shall be kept therein in a
<br />clean, dry place until used; and shall be handled in a sanitary
<br />manner.
<br />Item 16p. PASTEURIZATION.—Pasteurization shall be
<br />performed as described in Section 1 (L) of this Ordinance.
<br />Item 17p. COOLING.—All milk and milk products received
<br />for pasteurization shall be cooled immediately in approved equip-
<br />ment to 50' F. or less, and shall be maintained at that tempera-
<br />ture until pasteurized, unless they are pasteurized within 2 hours
<br />after receipt; and all pasteurized milk and milk products, except
<br />those to be cultured, shall be cooled immediately in approved
<br />equipment to a temperature of 50° F. or less, and shall be main-
<br />tained thereat until delivery, as determined in accordance with
<br />Section O.
<br />Item 18p. BOTTLING AND PACKAGING.—Bottling and
<br />packaging of milk and milk products shall be done at the place
<br />of pasteurization in approved mechanical equipment.
<br />Item 19p. OVERFLOW MILK.—Overflow milk or milk
<br />products shall not be sold for human consumption.
<br />Item 20p. CAPPING.—Capping of milk and milk products
<br />shall be done in a sanitary manner by approved mechanical
<br />equipment. Hand -capping is prohibited. The cap, or cover,
<br />shall protect the pouring lip to at least its largest diameter.
<br />Item 21p. PERSONNEL, HEALTH.—The health officer, or
<br />a physician authorized by him, shall examine and take a careful
<br />morbidity history of each person connected with a pasteurization
<br />plant, or about to be employed by one, whose work will bring
<br />him into contact with the processing, handling, storage, or trans-
<br />portation of milk, milk products, containers, or equipment. If
<br />such examination or history should suggest that such person
<br />may be a carrier of, or infected with, the organisms of typhoid
<br />or paratyphoid fever, or any other communicable disease likely
<br />to be transmitted through milk, he shall secure appropriate
<br />specimens of body discharges and cause them to be examined in
<br />a laboratory approved by him or by the State health authorities
<br />for such examinations, and, if the results justify, such persons
<br />shall be barred from such employment.
<br />Such persons shall furnish such information, submit to such
<br />running water, soap, and approved sanitary towels. Hand -
<br />washing facilities shall be kept clean. The use of a common
<br />towel is prohibited. No employees shall resume work after using
<br />the toilet room without having washed their hands.
<br />Item 9p. SANITARY PIPING.—All piping used to conduct
<br />milk or milk products shall be "sanitary milk piping" of a type
<br />which can be easily cleaned. Pasteurized milk and milk prod-
<br />ucts shall be conducted from one piece of equipment to another
<br />only through sanitary milk piping.
<br />Item 10p. CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIR OF CONTAIN-
<br />ERS AND EQUIPMENT.—All multi -use containers and equip-
<br />ment with which milk or milk products come into contact shall
<br />be of smooth, impervious, non -corrodible, non-toxic material;
<br />shall be so constructed and so located as to be easily cleaned; and
<br />shall be kept in good repair. All single -service containers,
<br />closures, gaskets, and other articles used shall have been manu-
<br />factured, packaged, transported, and handled in a sanitary
<br />manner.
<br />Item 11p. DISPOSAL OF WASTES.—All wastes shall be
<br />properly disposed of. All plumbing and equipment shall be so
<br />designed and so installed as to prevent contamination of milk
<br />equipment by backflow.
<br />Item 12p. CLEANING AND BACTERICIDAL TREAT-
<br />MENT OF CONTAINERS AND EQUIPMENT.—All milk and
<br />milk -product containers and equipment, except single -service
<br />containers, shall be thoroughly cleaned after each usage. All
<br />such containers shall be subjected effectively to an approved
<br />bactericidal process before each usage. When empty, and be-
<br />fore being returned to a producer by a milk plant, each container
<br />shall be thoroughly cleaned and subjected to an effective, ap-
<br />proved bactericidal process.
<br />Item 13p. STORAGE OF CONTAINERS AND EQUIP-
<br />MENT.—After bactericidal treatment, all bottles, cans, and other
<br />multi -use milk or milk -product containers and equipment shall
<br />be transported and stored in such a manner as to be protected
<br />from contamination.
<br />Item 14p. HANDLING OF CONTAINERS AND EQUIP-
<br />MENT.—Between bactericidal treatment and usage, containers
<br />and equipment shall not be handled or operated in such a manner
<br />as to permit contamination of the milk. Pasteurized milk or
<br />milk products shall not be permitted to come into contact with
<br />equipment with which unpasteurized milk or milk products have
<br />been in contact, unless the equipment has first been thoroughly
<br />cleaned and effectively subjected to an approved bactericidal
<br />process. No milk or milk products shall be permitted to come
<br />into contact with equipment with which ungraded or a lower
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<br />physical examinations, and submit such laboratory specimens as
<br />the health officer may require for the purpose of determining
<br />freedom from infection.
<br />No person with an infected cut or lesion on hands or arms
<br />shall handle milk, milk products, milk containers, or milk equip-
<br />ment.
<br />Item 22p. PERSONNEL, CLEANLINESS.—All persons
<br />who come into contact with milk, milk products, containers, or
<br />equipment, shall wear clean outer garments, and shall keep their
<br />hands clean at all times while engaged in such work.
<br />Item 23p. VEHICLES.—All vehicles used for the transpor-
<br />tation of milk or milk products shall be constructed and operated
<br />so as to protect their contents from the sun, from freezing, and
<br />from contamination. All vehicles used for the distribution of
<br />milk or milk products shall have the name of the distributor
<br />prominently displayed thereon.
<br />Milk tank -cars and tank -trucks shall comply with the con-
<br />struction, cleaning, bactericidal treatment, storage, and handling
<br />requirements of Items 5p, 10p, 12p, 13p, and 14p. While contain-
<br />ing milk, cream, or milk products, they shall be sealed and
<br />labeled in an approved manner. For each tank shipment, a bill
<br />of lading containing all necessary information shall be prepared
<br />in triplicate, and shall be kept on file by the shipper, the con-
<br />signee, and the carrier for a period of six months for the infor-
<br />mation of the health officer.
<br />GRADE B PASTEURIZED MILK.—Grade B pasteurized
<br />milk is pasteurized milk which does not meet the bacterial -count
<br />standard for grade A pasteurized milk, and/or the provision of
<br />lip -cover caps of Item 20p, and/or the requirement that grade A
<br />raw milk for pasteurization to be used, but which conforms with
<br />all other requirements for grade A pasteurized milk, and has been
<br />made from raw milk for pasteurization of not less than grade B
<br />quality, and has a bacterial plate count after pasteurization
<br />and before delivery not exceeding 50,000 per milliliter as deter-
<br />mined in accordance with Section 6.
<br />GRADE C PASTEURIZED MILK.—Grade C pasteurized
<br />milk is pasteurized milk which does not meet the requirements
<br />for grade B pasteurized milk.
<br />SECTION 8. GRADES OF MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS
<br />WHICH MAY BE SOLD.—From and after the date on which
<br />this ordinance takes effect, no milk or milk products shall be
<br />sold to the final consumer, or to restaurants, soda fountains,
<br />grocery stores, or similar establishments, except certified pas-
<br />teurized and grade A pasteurized; Provided however, that any
<br />distributor holding a permit to distribute Grade "A" Raw Milk
<br />at the time this ordinance is adopted may continue to sell such
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